Course curriculum

    1. Activity and CME Information

    2. Disclosures and Disclaimers

    1. Overview, Purpose and Objectives

    2. Course Scope and Focus

    3. Course Outline

    1. About This Module

    2. Refresher: When AS Grading Is Concordant

    3. Recognizing the Discordant Pattern

    4. Calculated AVA: Warning Flag

    5. What to Ask Before You Assigning Severity

    6. Knowledge Check

    7. Key Takeaway

    1. About This Module

    2. Reviewing Measurements: Start With The Inputs

    3. CW Doppler Signal

    4. LVOT Measurements

    5. Blood Pressure

    6. Rhythm and Beat Selection

    7. Body Size

    8. Knowledge Check

    9. Key Takeaway

    1. About This Module

    2. The Three Sorting Questions

    3. Is The Gradient High or Low?

    4. Is Flow Normal or Low?

    5. Is LVEF Preserved or Reduced?

    6. Flow-Gradient-LVEF Classification Table

    7. The Gray Zone: AVA 0.8–1.0 cm²

    8. Knowledge Check

    9. Key Takeaway

    1. About This Module

    2. Why Resting Echo May Not Be Enough

    3. True Severe vs Pseudo-Severe AS: What’s the Difference?

    4. How Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echo Can Help

    5. How to interpret DSE Results

    6. Contractile Reserve

    7. Real-World Case Study: Reduced-EF Low-Flow, Low-Gradient AS

    8. Assess LVEF

    9. Assess Aortic Valve Morphology

    10. Resting Echo Findings

    11. Classification and Next Step

    12. DSE Results

    13. DSE Report Essentials

    14. Knowledge Check

    15. Key Takeaway

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